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Biomarkers of renal disease

S Naicker
Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia | Vol 17, No 1 | a541 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22201173.2011.10872753 | © 2011 S Naicker | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 03 November 2025 | Published: 01 January 2011

About the author(s)

S Naicker,, South Africa

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Abstract

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Biomarkers Working Group has defined a biological marker (biomarker) as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic interventionâ€.

Keywords

Biomarkers; renal disease

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1. Serum Cystatin C and Tubular Urinary Enzymes as Biomarkers of Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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