Perioperative nerve injury and regional anaesthesia

Abstract

Peripheral nerves consist of axons and dendrites which make up the parenchyma, as well as stroma consisting of connective tissue.¹ The parenchyma is thus the conducting and neurologically functional element.² Each axon is covered by an endoneurium. Axons are grouped together into fascicles which are surrounded by a perineurium. The perineurium forms a physical and chemical barrier and protects the peripheral nerve fascicles.² Between the fascicles is stromal or connective tissue and blood vessels. The fascicles, connective tissue and blood vessels are held together into a unit by the epineurium.