The microcirculation

Abstract

The microcirculation is a network of complex vascular structures consisting of arterioles, capillaries, and venules unique to each organ it supports. It is essential for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and the removal of waste for eventual metabolism and excretion. The microcirculation's anatomical complexity is matched by its numerous physiological functions, which are not limited to its role in the inflammatory response, neurotransmitter functions, and coagulation. With the advancement of technology, we have come to appreciate this unique network and its influences on multiple systems. Its effects on perfusion can now be monitored and visualised to influence decision-making and alter clinical judgement continuously throughout any intervention or management. The need to monitor it independently from the macrocirculation has also been established, as certain disease states can lead to a lack of coherence in the two networks. Although we have learnt much about the microvascular network and its influence on the anaesthesiologist's management of patients, we are yet to determine if closer monitoring of the microvasculature will lead to better patient outcomes.